Playing the video games during COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on player's well-being

COVID-19 affected our lives intensly. That state of affairs made humans helpless. They had been depressed and experienced loneliness. At that time many human beings were determined to play video games just to loosen up their minds. Many games changed into an additional source of revenue wherein during COVID-19 they were playing while earning money. With these advantages, there were also some poor effects was accrued. A number of players remained playing video games post COVID-19. The carried out survey is based on the social video games results on players' well-being and additionally on the effects of gamers' health and their sensible lifestyles. We are going to investigate the behavior of gamers engaged with video games during the COVID-19 lockdown and the video games affects on their well-being, the time they served in playing video games, and the consequential effect on their behavior and social and mental well-being. The results provide a start line for empirically grounded discussions on video games at some stage in the pandemic, their use, and potential outcomes. Different agegroups of players have been investigated. Most players are between 18 and 30 years. A number of the gamers during lock down played a few hours but most of players were males who spent most of their day playing video games. However, now the ratio of playing video games is reduced as examined with past circumstances. Roughly we can say that the condition as a whole is better, the reason why players enforced video games in their post COVID-19 practical life1. © 2023 IEEE.

Research Guillain-Barre Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Pre-pandemic Periods

Background: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease that may occur after infections.As Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may bring about GBS, it is important to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on this diseaseObjectives: This study aimed to compare the distribution and characteristics of GBS during and before theCOVID-19 pandemic in an academic referral hospital in the north of Iran.Materials & Methods: This retrospective study assessed GBS distribution and characteristics during theCOVID-19 pandemic period (from March 2020 to the end of February 2021) and before the pandemic(from March 2019 to the end of February 2020) on 5340 patients referred to the Neurology Ward ofPoursina Hospital of Guilan Province, in Iran. Result(s): There was no significant difference between GBS distribution during (0.03%) and before (0.04%)the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.413). There were also no differences between the two periods regardingthe gender (P=0.659) and age (P=0.417) of the patients. The most common subtype of GBS during theCOVID-19 pandemic was Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) (71.4%). In bothperiods, the most common type of treatment was intravenous administration of immune globulin. Therewas no significant difference between the two periods (P=0.838) regarding the patients' treatment response. Conclusion(s): The distribution of GBS, its subtypes, type of treatment, and response to treatment were notdifferent between the two study periodsCopyright © 2018 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC-By-NC license

Mechanistic-Based Classification of Endocytosis-Related Inhibitors: Does It Aid in Assigning Drugs against SARS-CoV-2?

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) canonically utilizes clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and several other endocytic mechanisms to invade airway epithelial cells. Endocytic inhibitors, particularly those targeting CME-related proteins, have been identified as promising antiviral drugs. Currently, these inhibitors are ambiguously classified as chemical, pharmaceutical, or natural inhibitors. However, their varying mechanisms may suggest a more realistic classification system. Herein, we present a new mechanistic-based classification of endocytosis inhibitors, in which they are segregated among four distinct classes including: (i) inhibitors that disrupt endocytosis-related protein-protein interactions, and assembly or dissociation of complexes; (ii) inhibitors of large dynamin GTPase and/or kinase/phosphatase activities associated with endocytosis; (iii) inhibitors that modulate the structure of subcellular components, especially the plasma membrane, and actin; and (iv) inhibitors that cause physiological or metabolic alterations in the endocytosis niche. Excluding antiviral drugs designed to halt SARS-CoV-2 replication, other drugs, either FDA-approved or suggested through basic research, could be systematically assigned to one of these classes. We observed that many anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs could be included either in class III or IV as they interfere with the structural or physiological integrity of subcellular components, respectively. This perspective may contribute to our understanding of the relative efficacy of endocytosis-related inhibitors and support the optimization of their individual or combined antiviral potential against SARS-CoV-2. However, their selectivity, combined effects, and possible interactions with non-endocytic cellular targets need more clarification.

The role of blood groups, vaccine type and gender in predicting the severity of side effects among university students receiving COVID-19 vaccines.

On March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. To control the pandemic, billions of vaccine doses have been administered worldwide. Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine-related side effects are inconsistently described in the literature. This study aimed to identify the predictors of side effects' severity after COVID-19 vaccination among young adult students at Taif University (TU) in Saudi Arabia. An online, anonymous questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics were calculated for numerical and categorical variables. Possible correlations with other characteristics were identified using the chi-square test. The study included 760 young adult participants from TU. Pain at the injection site (54.7%), headache (45.0%), lethargy and fatigue (43.3%), and fever (37.5%) were the most frequently reported COVID-19 vaccine-related side effects after the first dose. The most frequent side effects were reported among the 20-25-year-old age group for all doses of all vaccines. Females experienced remarkably more side effects after the second (p < 0.001) and third doses (p = 0.002). Moreover, ABO blood groups significantly correlated with vaccine-related side effects after the second dose (p = 0.020). The participants' general health status correlated with the side effects after the first and second doses (p < 0.001 and 0.022, respectively). The predictors of COVID-19 vaccine-related side effects in young, vaccinated people were blood group B, female gender, vaccine type, and poor health status.

Exploring the tourism development strategies of Gulf Cooperation Council countries: commonalities, contrasts and clusters

PurposeThis study aims to examine the commonalities and contrasts in the tourism objectives and strategies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, thereby revealing the foundations and pillars underlying the strategic initiatives implemented.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study applied the resource-based view (RBV) lens to the country level. A comparative analysis of the tourism strategy in each GCC country was undertaken to determine commonalities and contrasts between the different strategies and to classify them into clusters. In the next stage, in-depth interviews were carried out to validate the findings.FindingsFour distinct clusters were identified in this paper: lifestyle glamor, emerging giant, sports-induced country branding and eco-friendly regional-based strategies.Practical implicationsThe findings and cluster classification are pertinent to policymakers and industry marketers in crafting tourism development plans.Originality/valueThis study analyzed the economic diversification strategies adopted by GCC countries as new entrants in the tourism sector and classified them into four clusters.

Comparing the effect of strict versus routine awake prone positioning among patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Background: In patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), awake prone positioning improves oxygenation and clinical outcome. Despite prone positioning incorporated in the protocol, it's not followed in true letter and spirit. Aims and objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of strict versus routine awake proning among patients hospitalized with Covid-19. Method(s): PCR positive COVID-19 patients admitted to the Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar's isolation unit were randomly allocated to 2 groups, Group A prone positioning (PP) was ensured for at least 12 hours by helping proning during rounds by the respiratory therapists and nurses. Further, prone positioning was ensured by the use of telemedicine, whereas Group B just followed the standard care in which awake proning was emphasized on a routine basis without doing any intervention. Their biochemical and clinical parameters, outcomes related to oxygen requirement, intubation, and mortality were followed weekly for two weeks or till discharge. Result(s): Out of the 58 patients, 29 patients with PP had a better outcome in terms of oxygenation (p<0.01), respiratory rate (P<0.05), and inflammatory markers such as serum ferritin (p<0.02) and C reactive protein (p<0.03). Additionally, ventilatory support (18% VS 42%, p<0.05) and mortality rate 21.4% Vs 64.3%) were significantly lower in the PP group. Conclusion(s): Strict compliance of awake prone positioning improved oxygenation in COVID-19 patients, resulting in a clinically better outcome.

COVID-19 Vaccination and Menstrual Disorders Among Women: Findings from a meta-Analysis Study

Background COVID -19 vaccine can lead to various local and systemic side effects, including menstrual irregularities in women. There is no robust quantitative evidence of the association between the COVID -19 vaccine and menstrual irregularities. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of a range of menstrual disorders that may occur in women following COVID -19 vaccination. Methods After searching for epidemiological studies, we systematically performed a meta-analysis on PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Science Direct. Sixteen studies were finally included in the study. We estimated the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for a group of menstrual disorders, including menorrhagia, polymenorrhea, abnormal cycle length, and oligomenorrhea. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and the Q test. Results Overall, the pooled prevalence of menorrhagia was 24.24% (pooled prevalence 24.24%;95% CI: 12.8-35.6%). The pooled prevalence of polymenorrhea was 16.2% (pooled prevalence: 16.2%;95% CI: 10.7-21.6%). The pooled prevalence of abnormal cycle length was relatively lower than that of the other disorders (pooled prevalence: 6.6%;95% CI: 5.0-8.2%). The pooled prevalence of oligomenorrhea was 22.7% (95% CI: 13.5-32.0%). Conclusion The findings indicate that menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, and polymenorrhea were the most common menstrual irregularities after vaccination. The findings also suggest that a relatively high proportion of women suffer from menstrual irregularities. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual irregularities.

COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual disorders among women: Findings from a meta-analysis study.

BACKGROUND: COVID - 19 vaccine can lead to various local and systemic side effects, including menstrual irregularities in women. There is no robust quantitative evidence of the association between the COVID - 19 vaccine and menstrual irregularities. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of a range of menstrual disorders that may occur in women following COVID - 19 vaccination. METHODS: After searching for epidemiological studies, we systematically performed a meta-analysis on PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Science Direct. Sixteen studies were finally included in the study. We estimated the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for a group of menstrual disorders, including menorrhagia, polymenorrhea, abnormal cycle length, and oligomenorrhea. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and the Q test. RESULTS: Overall, the pooled prevalence of menorrhagia was 24.24 % (pooled prevalence 24.24 %; 95 % CI: 12.8-35.6 %). The pooled prevalence of polymenorrhea was 16.2 % (pooled prevalence: 16.2 %; 95 % CI: 10.7-21.6 %). The pooled prevalence of abnormal cycle length was relatively lower than that of the other disorders (pooled prevalence: 6.6 %; 95 % CI: 5.0-8.2 %). The pooled prevalence of oligomenorrhea was 22.7 % (95 % CI: 13.5-32.0 %). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, and polymenorrhea were the most common menstrual irregularities after vaccination. The findings also suggest that a relatively high proportion of women suffer from menstrual irregularities. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual irregularities.

Anxiety, Academic Resilience, and Burnout Among Medical Students in Iran: A Cross-sectional Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had unpleasant consequences for health care providers, including medical stagers and intern students;due to the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to evaluate anxiety, resilience and burnout. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on stager and intern medical students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Rasht, Iran. Data were collected using a list containing Student Demographic Information, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBISS), Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI) and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.19 at the level of significance 0.05. Results: High levels of burnout and anxiety were calculated to be 21.1 and 7%, respectively. Burnout score was higher in people with grade point average less than 17 (p=0.014);burnout score was also higher in males (p=0.009). Other results showed that COVID-19 anxiety score was significantly higher in females (p=0.029). The results of multivariate linear regression indicated that the variables including academic resilience (β=0.330) and COVID-19 anxiety (β=0.218) significantly explain 20% of the variance of burnout in students. Also, with the introduction of demographic variables, it was increased to 31% in which the share of gender variable (β=0.283) was significant in this model. Conclusion: Academic resilience, anxiety and gender had an effective role on the rate of student burnout. Accordingly, it is suggested that health care providers and psychologists pay attention to student empowerment by providing appropriate therapeutic interventions during and after the COVID-19 epidemic. © 2022 Seventh Sense Research Group®

Factors Linked with an Increased Risk of Death in Patients with Covid-19

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that increase a patient's chances of death from COVID-19. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration: Medicine department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital (BBH) and Holy Family Hospital (HFH), Rawalpindi during the period from November 2021 to April 2022. Method(s): Total 142 patients of both genders of confirmed coronavirus disease were included. After receiving informed written consent from each participant, detailed demographic information was obtained. This information included the participant's age, gender, body mass index, and list of co-morbidities. Frequency of mortality and factors that increase a patient's chances of death were recorded. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all data. Result(s): We found that 87 (61.3%) cases were males and 55 (38.7%) patients were females. Majority of the patients 53 (37.3%) had age >45 years. 65 (45.8%) patients were smokers. Severity of disease was found in 76 (53.5%) cases. There were 95 (66.9%) patients had hypertension, diabetes mellitus found in 75 (52.8%) cases, cardiovascular disease in 48 (33.8%) cases, pulmonary disease in 40 (28.2%) cases and chronic kidney disease in 34 (23.9%) cases. Among 142 patients, 27 (19.01%) patients were died. Among non-survivals, kidney dysfunction was the most common reason found in 17 cases, followed by cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion(s): We came to the conclusion that clinical risk factors for a fatal consequences associated with coronavirus include chronic chronic conditions, complications, and demographic variables. These risk factors include acute renal injury, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, male sex, older age, current smoker, and obesity. The findings might be used to future study on the disease as well as its control and prevention. Copyright © 2022 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

Correlation between the severity of COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse events and the blood group of the vaccinees in Saudi Arabia: A web-based survey.

Background: Recent epidemiological studies have reported an association between the ABO blood group and the acquisition, symptom severity, and mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the association between the ABO blood group antigens and the type and severity of COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse reactions has not been elucidated. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study in Saudi Arabia from February to April 2022. The study cohort included adults who had received or were willing to receive at least two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine of any type. We used Chi-square test to assess the association between the ABO blood groups and vaccine-related adverse reactions. p values of <0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of the 1180 participants, approximately half were aged 18-30 years old, 69.2% were female, and 41.6% reported their blood group as O. The most frequent COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse reactions were fatigue (65%), pain at the injection site (56%), and headache (45.9%). These adverse reactions demonstrated significant correlations with the education level (p = 0.003) and nationality (p = 0.018) of the participants following the first dose, with gender (p < 0.001) following the second dose, and with the general health status (p < 0.001) after all the doses. Remarkably, no correlation was observed between the severity of the vaccine-related adverse reactions and ABO blood groups. Conclusion: Our findings do not support a correlation between the severity of COVID-19 vaccine-related adverse reactions and the ABO blood groups of the vaccinees. The creation of a national database is necessary to account for population differences.

Willingness of Medical Students to Volunteer for Assisting Frontline Doctors During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the willingness of medical students to volunteer for assisting frontline doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted from 12th June 2020 to 20th July 2020 on medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted among 282 undergraduate medical students selected via convenience sampling. SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. Results: More than half of the participants (52.1%) were unwilling to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of those who wanted to volunteer preferred to do so by providing indirect healthcare via telemedicine. The most popular reason for preferring to volunteer was an ethical inclination to help the frontline workforce. The main barriers towards volunteering included the possibility of being vectors for viral transmission, consuming personal protective equipment that healthcare personnel needed, and contracting COVID-19. No significant association was found between gender (p=0.567), age group (p=0.793), year of study (p=0.911), or boarder/non-boarder status (p=0.243), and willingness to volunteer. Conclusion: The majority of medical students were unwilling to volunteer for assisting frontline doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University. All rights reserved.

Site Selection of Isolation Hospital for Coronavirus Patients in Nile Delta, Egypt, Using GIS Technology

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that first surfaced in December 2019. According to the World Health Organization, most persons infected with this virus suffer from mild to severe respiratory infections and recover without specific treatment or hospitalization. Some people, however, may acquire serious illnesses that need medical attention and isolation facilities. This paper investigates the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) based on GIS technology to determine the optimal site selection for isolation hospitals for coronavirus patients in Nile Delta region in Egypt using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (F-AHP) and the weighted overlay tool analysis method (WOA). The research of isolation hospital site selection in Nile Delta governorates in Egypt is one of the areas that have received insufficient attention due to the current global coronavirus epidemic. Several criteria are applied to identify and select the isolation hospital location, including World Health Organization regulations, Egyptian Ministry of Health conditions, previous research studies, and field visits. Geodatabase is created using ArcGIS Pro software, and manual digitization is done. As a conclusion of the study, numerous additional optimal sites for isolated hospitals have been found and chosen. There are around 29 proposed ideal sites for isolated hospitals utilizing F-AHP and approximately 24 sites using WOA approach in Nile Delta region. These planned hospital locations might be permanent as a central hospital or temporary, to be relocated after the epidemic is over. The paper emphasizes the need to use the study criteria while selecting and defining the location of coronavirus isolation hospitals.

POSTER: Diagnosis of COVID-19 through Transfer Learning Techniques on CT Scans: A Comparison of Deep Learning Models

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) constitutes a public health emergency globally. It is a deadly disease which has infected more than 230 million people worldwide. Therefore, early and unswerving detection of COVID-19 is necessary. Evidence of this virus is most commonly being tested by RT-PCR test. This test is not 100% reliable as it is known to give false positives and false negatives. Other methods like X-Ray images or CT scans show the detailed imaging of lungs and have been proven more reliable. This paper compares different deep learning models used to detect COVID-19 through transfer learning technique on CT scan dataset. VGG-16 outperforms all the other models achieving an accuracy of 85.33 % on the dataset. © 2022 IEEE.

Efficiency of Fe3O4@ZIF-8 for the removal of Doxorubicin from aqueous solutions: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies.

Due to inadequate pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, anticancer contaminants from the pharmaceutical industry frequently end up in the aquatic environment where they endanger aquatic life and humans. As a result, the appropriate treatment of wastewater that contains anticancer agents is crucial for pollution prevention. The purpose of this work is to assess the effectiveness of a Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite as an adsorbent to remove of the chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin (DOX) from aqueous solution. SEM, XRD, BET, FT-IR, Zeta potential, and point of zero charge analysis were used to study the surface and structural characteristics of the Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite. Via the proposed treatment, 804.84 mg/g elimination was successful under the following circumstances: pH = 6; Fe3O4@ZIF-8 dose = 0.02 g/25 mL; DOX concentration = 1.22x10-3 mol; adsorption time = 100 min; and shaking speed = 200 rpm. A investigation of isotherms shown that the Langmuir equation and experimental data suited each other quite well. The adsorption of DOX on Fe3O4@ZIF-8 was endothermic and spontaneous, in accordance with thermodynamic properties. Furthermore, the elimination of DOX was enhanced by the rise in solution temperature. The kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second order was fitted by the model. The suggested adsorption method could recycle Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite six times, with a modest reduction in its ability for adsorption. For all XRD reflection peaks, physical characteristics including strain rates were computed and the dislocation of was 4.7 × 10-6. Investigate the activity of the DOX towards COVID-19, breast and prostate cancer using molecular docking.

Intratympanic injection of dexamethasone for management of labyrinthitis associated with COVID-19 disease resistant cases.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of mixed oral prednisolone and intratympanic dexamethasone (ITID) injection in labyrinthitis, due to COVID 19. Methods: Seventy-five post-COVID-19 labyrinthitis patients were included. Those patients were treated with systemic oral prednisolone for two weeks and ITID. Patients who refuse ITID were ordered to continue oral prednisolone treatment. Assessment of outcome and audiometry for hearing evaluation was done 1, 2 and 4 weeks as well as 3 months post-treatment. Results: Patients in oral steroid only group were 26 patients, while patients in oral steroid and ITID group were 49 patients. In oral steroid group; 11/26 patients showed complete recovery, 3/26 had partial recovery and 12/26 not recovered. In other group; 38/46 patients had complete recovery, 6 had partial recovery and 5/49 patients not recovered. Conclusion: Combined systemic corticosteroid with ITID showed a marked improvement of post-COVID vestibular disorder and hearing loss than only using oral corticosteroid therapy.

High Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and RNA among Asymptomatic Blood Donors in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia.

The gold-standard approach for diagnosing and confirming Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method, however, is inefficient in detecting previous or dormant viral infections. The presence of antigen-specific antibodies is the fingerprint and cardinal sign for diagnosis and determination of exposure to infectious agents including Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This cross-sectional study examined the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) among asymptomatic blood donors in Makkah region. A total of 4368 asymptomatic blood donors were enrolled. They were screened for spike-specific IgG using ELISA and COVID-19 RNA by real-time PCR. COVID-19 IgG was detected among 2248 subjects (51.5%) while COVID-19-RNA was detected among 473 (10.8%) subjects. The IgG frequency was significantly higher among males and non-Saudi residents (p < 0.001 each) with no significant variation in IgG positivity among blood donors with different blood groups. In addition, COVID-19 RNA frequency was significantly higher among donors below 40-years old (p = 0.047, χ2 = 3.95), and non-Saudi residents (p = 0.001, χ2 = 304.5). The COVID-19 IgG levels were significantly higher among the RNA-positive donors (p = 001), and non-Saudi residents (p = 0.041), with no variations with age or blood group (p > 0.05). This study reveals a very high prevalence of COVID-19 IgG and RNA among asymptomatic blood donors in Makkah, Saudi Arabia indicating a high exposure rate of the general population to COVID-19; particularly foreign residents. It sheds light on the spread on COVID-19 among apparently healthy individuals at the beginning of the pandemic and could help in designing various control measures to minimize viral spread.

Evaluation of the Binding Relationship of the RdRp Enzyme to Novel Thiazole/Acid Hydrazone Hybrids Obtainable through Green Synthetic Procedure.

The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex is used by SARS-CoV-2 for genome replication and transcription, making RdRp an interesting target for developing the antiviral treatment. Hence the current work is concerned with the green synthesis, characterization and docking study with the RdRp enzyme of the series of novel and diverse hydrazones and pyrazoles. 4-Methyl-2-(2-(1-phenylethylidene)hydrazineyl)thiazole-5-carbohydrazide was prepared and then condensed with different carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones either carbocyclic aromatic or heterocyclic) afforded the corresponding hydrazide-hydrazones. The combination of the acid hydrazide with bifunctional reagents such as acetylacetone, ß-ketoesters (ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl benzoylacetate) resulted in the formation of pyrazole derivatives. The synthesized compounds were all obtained through grinding method using drops of AcOH. Various analytical and spectral analyses were used to determine the structures of the prepared compounds. Molecular Operating Environment (MOE®) version 2014.09 was used to estimate interactions between the prepared thiazole/hydrazone hybrids and RdRp obtained from the protein data bank (PDB: 7bv2) using enzyme-ligand docking for all synthesized derivatives and Remdesivir as a reference. Docking results with the RdRp enzyme revealed that the majority of the investigated drugs bind well to the enzyme via various types of interactions in comparison with the reference drug.

A Low Latency Adaptive Video Streaming Framework To Control The Congestion And Reduce The Switching Times Between Quality Levels

Video streaming over the Internet is considered the most essential communication technology in recent years, especially with the spread of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic where the communication between people and the work via online videos. This technology faces various challenges that may be obstacles for the customer and the service provider to deliver videos with a flexible quality and without interruption. The high congestion value of the frames on the buffer of the client is one of these challenges. Consequently, the video latency is increased, and thus reduced the video throughput with more interruptions and low quality. The paper is suggested an adaptive video streaming framework by introducing a low latency in an online application to control the congestion and reduce switching times between levels to make video streaming more seamless. The low latency scheme aims to increase the bitrates to optimal values to avoid the congestion of frames on the buffer with a minimum delay value. Analyzing the video load based on three Parameters: latency, Buffering, and throughput of the dynamic system will control the congestion to reduce the switching between quality levels and consequently improve the performance.